Narration ( Directed and
Indirect)
to be changed
Here- there / this-that today-that
day /yesterday-
the previous day / tomorrow- the next day /
ago- before /hence- thence can- could / shall/will- would
don't- didn't now- then these-
those / tonight-
that night
nowadays- these days last night- the previous night
thus- so hither-
thither may- might is/am/are- was were
was/were- had been didn't- had
not present simple- past simple / present continuous- past continuous
present perfect- past perfect / pre. per. cont- past per. cont
past simple- past perfect
past continuous- past perfect
continuous
past perfect- past perfect
Cases:-
nominative Possessive Objective Reflexive
I
my/mine
me myself
we
our/ours us ourselves
they their/
theirs them themselves
you your/
yours you yourself/yourselves
he his/
his him himself
she
her/hers her herself
it its it itself
There are three persons:-
first person- i/my/mine/me/myself/ we/
our/ours/us/ourselves
second person- you/ your/
yours/yourself/selves
third person- he/his/him/himself/ she/ her/
herself/it/its
itself/they/their/theirs/themselves.
Note:-first और second
persons को छोड़कर
सभी third person में आते हैं .
**first person को Reporting
verb के subject
के
अनुसार बदलते हैं
**second person को Reporting
verb के objectके अनुसार बदलते
हैं
**third person को नहीं बदलते
हैं .
He said to
me, “ I will
come to you
tomorrow.”
reporting verb reported speech
Rule no.1 (a)- यदि Reported
speech "affirmative" हो तो "said to" को "told"
में बदलते हैं .
(b)-
inverted commas (".....") को हटाकर "that" का प्रयोग करते हैं
(c)-
नियम के अनुसार
person
और tense
बदलते हैं .
Rule no.2 (a)- यदि Reported
speech "interrogative" हो तो "said to" को "asked"
में badalte
हैं .
(b)-
inverted commas (".....") को हटाकर "if
या whether"
का प्रयोग करते
हैं .
(c)-
Reported speech के वाक्य को "affirmative" बना देते हैं
अर्थात पहले sub लगाते हैं और फिर tense
बदलकर affirmative
sentence बना देते हैं .
Cases:-
nominative Possessive Objective Reflexive
I
my/mine
me myself
we
our/ours us ourselves
they their/
theirs them themselves
you your/
yours you yourself/yourselves
he his/
his him himself
she
her/hers her herself
it its it itself
There are three persons:-
first person- i/my/mine/me/myself/ we/
our/ours/us/ourselves
second person- you/ your/
yours/yourself/selves
third person- he/his/him/himself/ she/ her/
herself/it/its
itself/they/their/theirs/themselves.
Note:-first और second
persons को छोड़कर
सभी third person में आते हैं .
**first person को Reporting
verb के subject
के
अनुसार बदलते हैं
**second person को Reporting
verb के objectके अनुसार बदलते
हैं
**third person को नहीं बदलते
हैं .
He said to
me, “ I will
come to you
tomorrow.”
reporting verb reported speech
Rule no.1 (a)- यदि Reported
speech "affirmative" हो तो "said to" को "told"
में बदलते हैं .
(b)-
inverted commas (".....") को हटाकर "that" का प्रयोग करते हैं
(c)-
नियम के अनुसार
person
और tense
बदलते हैं .
Rule no.2 (a)- यदि Reported
speech "interrogative" हो तो "said to" को "asked"
में badalte
हैं .
(b)-
inverted commas (".....") को हटाकर "if
या whether"
का प्रयोग करते
हैं .
(c)-
Reported speech के वाक्य को "affirmative" बना देते हैं
अर्थात पहले sub लगाते हैं और फिर tense
बदलकर affirmative
sentence बना देते हैं .
Rule no.3- (a)-यदि Reported
speech "Wh/H
family" हो तो "said to" को "asked"
में बदलते हैं .
(b)-
inverted commas (".....") को हटाकर कुछ नहीं लगाते हैं .
(c)-
wh/h
family लगाकर sentence
को affirmative
बना देते हैं .
RULE NO.4:
imperative sentences:-
(a)- यदि Reported speech verb की first form से शुरू हो तथा speech
से "आदेश , प्रार्थना ,
सलाह , मनाही " का पता चले तो "said
तो" को "ordered,
requested, advised, forbade, commanded" में बदलते हैं .
(b)-
inverted commas ("...") को हटाकर "to" का प्रयोग करते हैं और फिर "V1"
का प्रयोग
होता है .
(c)-
"Don't" को "not to+V1" में बदलते हैं .
example:- 1- he said to me, " bring
me a glass of water."
2- they said to them," don't
stay in the bad company of your friends as they will spoil you."
Examples of narration:-
1-they said to him, " we want
to go to Delhi tomorrow with our friends without your permission."
2- he said to me, " i
cannot help you."
3- the servnt said to his master, " i
have done my best and now i can do more."
4- i said to my friend, " did you see my
friend near your house as my friend is getting nuts nowadays?"
5- she said to her servant, " is tea
ready for me?”
Examples of narration:-
6- he said to her, " do you like my
idea?"
7- some people said to me, " where
are you going this way as that is not a thorough fare and you cannot pass the
way with your dog with you?"
8- the teacher said to the boys, "
why are you making a noise?"
9- he said to me, " how are you
getting on with your studies?"
10- the lady said to the porter, "
will you take my luggage to the platform?"
EXAMPLES OF “NARRATION” for TEST
1-The fan said to
the tube; “ why do you not feel as cool as I feel for myself?”
2-It said to him, “
I have no problem to be like you but you do not try to be like me.”
3-They said to my
uncle, “ are you working with your relatives company which was in the USA?”
4-He said to me, “
you cannot attend the party as your friend wanted to meet you that day?”
5-My friend asked
the bookseller, “ do you have to sell this at your own risk?”
EXAMPLES OF
“NARRATION” for TEST
6-Sonu said to sir, “ why
do you waste my time while I have decided to utilize my time in your good
company?”
7-I said to him, “ who the
hell are you to tell me all these things about you to me?”
8-She said to her sir, “
how did you manage to make us write these sentences?”
9-Rahul said to me, “ are
you not interested in watching any movie with me?”
10-theysaid to them, “ did
you feel something bad about your journey to London with me?”
Rule
No.5-(Let)
(a)
;fn Reported Speech ‘Let
us’ ls ‘kq: gks rks Said
to dks Porposed to essa cnyrs gSaA
(b)^^ ** dks gVkdj fQj ‘Let
us’ dks gVkdj
We+should+V1 ij cukrs gSaA
Example:-She
said to them, “Let us go for a movie.”
Rules
No.6
(a)
;fn let okD; esa vkns’k ;k
izkFkZuk n’kkZrk gS rks
Said to dks ordered ;k requested esa cnyrs gSA
(b)^^ ** dks gVkdj to dk iz;ksx djrs gSA
Examples:-Rani
said to the teacher, “Let me go home early.”
The Principal said to peon, “Let the boys come in
Miscellaneous Examples:
1. I said to him, “Work hard.”
2. I said to her, “Kindly help me.”
3. Father said to me, “Avoid bad company.”
4. She said to her son, “Don’t play with bad boys.”
5. “Don’t you know the way home?” I said to him.
6. He said to her, “Will you like to stay with me.”
7. She said to the teacher, “May I come in, sir.”
8. The policeman said to her, “Whom do you want to see?”
9. She said to me, “who teaches you English?”
10. The teacher said to me, “I have not marked your answer-book.”
11. He said to me, “You always helped me.”
12. She said to me, “I have heard of your distress and I am ready to
help you.”
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